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Research questionHow can associative-memory capacity be compared across Hopfield and attention-like models without conflating assumptions?Hopfield-style memories combine recurrent dynamics, energy landscapes, and pattern storage, but retrieval capacity depends on the disorder ensemble, scaling limit, and success criterion. Connections to attention and biological interpretation introduce further assumptions that can make superficially similar results incomparable.
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Latest papersRecent research connected to this question, newest first.Memory as an Energy Landscape---HopfieldThe source examines binary and graded-response Hopfield networks, mean-field retrieval, zero-temperature capacity, analog optimization networks, higher-order associative memories, and continuous updates that become scaled dot-product attention under specified conditions. It also discusses basins, robustness, graceful degradation, and biological limits imposed by symmetry, locality, and point-neuron assumptions. Fixed-seed numerical experiments illustrate the mechanisms but do not replace the analytical results.research paper · Sep 2, 2026
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