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Research questionHow can engineers identify bit-exact numeric-format divergences when porting models across AI accelerators?Different accelerators may interpret or implement the same nominal numeric format differently, causing silent discrepancies during model porting. Engineers need a common basis for determining whether encoded values conform across formats and implementations.
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Latest papersRecent research connected to this question, newest first.Golden Ruler: A Numeric Format Catalog with Bit-Exact Conformance Vectors for FP8, BF16, MXFP4, and Microscaling FormatsThe source provides a catalog of 109 numeric formats, six JSON conformance packs with SHA-256 fingerprints and anchor vectors, and an IEEE P3109 v3.2.0 cross-walk. The packs are cross-validated against ml_dtypes 0.5.4, with divergences documented as spec-permitted interpretation gaps; the artifacts are publicly available under an open license.research paper · Sep 4, 2026
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