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Research questionHow can LLMs produce reliable confidence estimates for deciding when to defer outputs to humans?LLM outputs may sound certain even when they are unreliable, making it difficult to set a dependable threshold for human intervention. Confidence estimates must correspond meaningfully to actual correctness, including when labels have ordinal relationships.
AI
Alignment & Safety
Evaluation & Benchmarks
Machine Learning
Natural Language Processing
Reasoning
Latest papersRecent research connected to this question, newest first.A Calibrated Reflection Approach for Enhancing Confidence Estimation in LLMsThe source studies a calibrated reflection framework for LLM confidence estimation, combining structured reasoning, reflection-based prompting, maximum-confidence selection across labels, and distance-aware calibration. Evidence covers HelpSteer2, Llama T-REx, and a proprietary conversational dataset; the reported tasks are conversational and fact-based classification.research paper · Sep 3, 2026
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