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Research questionHow can sign-language production models generate grammatical non-manual features without losing expressive variation?Sign language production must coordinate manual motion with facial expressions, gaze, head movements, and mouthings that can carry grammatical meaning. Limited facial representations and collapsed discrete codebooks can make these non-manual distinctions unavailable to the generator.
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Latest papersRecent research connected to this question, newest first.M3T: Discrete Multi-Modal Motion Tokens for Sign Language ProductionThe source describes M3T, an autoregressive transformer for sign-language production using a coupled SMPL-X/FLAME representation and modality-specific finite scalar quantization VAEs for body, hands, and face. It reports results on three standard datasets, including NMFs-CSL, and states that it uses no large-scale sign-language pre-training; the evidence is limited to these reported benchmarks.research paper · Sep 2, 2026
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